The Strongest Dog of the World (Kurdish Kangal Dog)

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IRISH RED AND WHITE SETTER

COUNTRY: Ireland

WEIGHT: 40-70 pounds

HEIGHT: 23*4-27 inches

COAT: Flat, straight, and slightly coarse, longer for the feathering

COLOR: White ground color with clear red patches, roaning or ticking objectionable—but, if present, a minimum amount on face and below hock and elbow only

REGISTRY: TKC

GROUP: Gun Dog

The red/whites may actually predate the solid reds. The coat of arms of the Irish Nash family bears three red and white setters, and Sir Thomas Staples of County Tyrone and Evans of Gortmerron kept red/whites in the 18th century. Lord Rossmore of Monaghan can boast the same tradition and, indeed, the Red and White is, to this day, occasionally referred to locally as the Rossmore Setter.

Nevertheless, by the turn of the 19th century, while the solid red continued his rise to fame on both sides of the Atlantic, his spotted brothers retreated to remote areas of Ireland. They never completely disappeared, however. Being a recessive, the spotted dogs can, and still do, occasionally crop up in red litters. A few Irishmen, over the years, preferred to hunt over the more easily seen red/whites. A rare breeder or two also stubbornly continued to foster the type. The Reverend Noble Huston of County Down, Ireland, bred the variety in the early part of this century to keep the red-and-white flame alive.

In the 1940s, a breed club was formed, especially to foster the hunting qualities of the red-white. Shortly after, the Cuddys of County Cork, Ireland, began their interest in the breed; nearly all modern specimens trace their pedigree back to Cuddy dogs. In the early 1970s, the Irish Kennel Club awarded the task of monitoring the present-day revival to the Irish Red Setter Club. They created a committee to monitor all pups prior to registration, because the breed base was so small and crossings to the Red are close up in most pedigrees. From a low of seven registered animals at that time, the "Red-n-White" has begun a slow climb to full recognition. Owners of a red/white litter hi Ireland, until recently, had to take them to the breed committee for the approval signature! To the credit of the Red Club and its wholehearted cooperation, the Red and White is now regarded as self-sufficient.

A dog belonging to the Gormleys of County Dublin was entered at Crufts in 1980, in the "Any Variety Not Separately Classified" class. So unknown was the breed that the show committee tried to switch the entry into the Irish Red Setter class! Full championship status was given to the breed at Crufts in 1987, much to the pride of those who worked so hard for him. A few of the Red-n-Whites have been brought into the United States, where owners formed a breed club and interest is growing.

Character and appearance of the two breeds are very similar, with a few minor exceptions. The Red/Whites have a higher set ear, are a bit shorter, wider and sturdier of body, and have less of the long, heavy feathering. The practical hunter, unlike the show dog enthusiast, finds excessive feathering a bother. The Red/White probably looks very similar to the Irish (Red)

Setter of 100 years ago! In temperament, the spotted dogs have "the same joyous exuberance as their Red cousins but are less forthcoming with strangers." Ann Millington interjects that "they are 'thinking' dogs and consider you well before deciding you are worthy of their friendship."

They still make good practical gun dogs and are particularly known for their stamina. Stories such as that of the field trial dog from bygone days, who ran ten miles behind his master's carriage to the trial grounds and then home again at night, are common. Color has to be carefully monitored, and dogs with an excess of ticking (roan, or belton, patterns like the English Setter) are faulted. A note of interest: 150 years ago there was described a third color of Irish Setter, called a "Shower of Hail" Setter, which was an all-over, heavily ticked pattern.

IRISH TERRIER

COUNTRY: Ireland
WEIGHT: 25-27 pounds
HEIGHT: 18 inches
Co^r: Harsh, wire, broken coat
COLOR: Red to red wheaten
OTHER NAMES: Irish Red Terrier
GROUP: Terrier

Called the Irish Red Terrier in the past to distinguish him from the other native terriers of Erin, this breed may be the oldest on the Isle. Dogs like these were known for centuries and were valuable only to poor Irish farmers with small holdings. Not much was written about them as they were not a dog of the aristocracy, who weren't in as dire need of ratting expertise. The type was descriptively mentioned in the Brehon laws (the earliest Irish legal code, first passed by word-of-mouth and then recorded in early medieval times) as the "dog of the dungheap." The dungheaps were the piles of manure that were inevitable in the farmyards and were breeding grounds for rats.

Dog expert, Stonehenge (J. H. Walsh), writing in 1887, shows his contempt for all things not inherently British with his refusal to believe that the Irish Terrier was a distinct breed from the "old Scotch terrier." But the differences were distinct. The truth might be that the raiding Irish could have introduced the prototype to Scotland many centuries ago. Or perhaps the Celts, who conquered both Scotland and Ireland four centuries before Christ, brought the archetypical terrier with them, and differences developed after that.

Whatever the early history, by the middle of the 1800s, the Irish Terrier, jacketed in black/tan and brindle as well as the more desirable red, was a common sight. During these years, many of this breed were seen with cropped ears, a sure sign they were used for dog-fighting. The Irish Terrier's punishing jaws bode the end of many an Irish rat. But despite the instincts to destroy vermin, he could be a soft-mouthed retriever and often wore two hats: ratter and hunter. There was still variation in size and type at the breed's debut at an Irish show in 1875. Out of the 50 dogs that strutted the ring, entries included some in the under nine-pound division and one that was over 30 pounds; a pure white entry competed against many that would have passed for Cairns. These differences existed despite the rule that the dogs must have a pedigree to enter. Many had notes attached reading, "Breeding information available at such-and-such an address." The winner, "Boxer" by name, was brazenly labeled as "Bred by owner, pedigree unknown!'' This mass confusion prompted the formation of a strong breed club still in existence today.

By the turn of the century, only the red dogs were accepted, type had become fairly well standardized and ear cropping (along with fighting) had been prohibited. The reputation of the breed was made during the First World War when the Irish Terriers were used as messenger dogs. The noise and confusion of trench warfare was no deterrent to the fearless Irisher, and many a soldier owed his life to these dogs.

A taller and racier dog than the Fox Terrier, the Irish still carries plenty of bone and substance. Always good-tempered, affectionate and loyal with his people, the breed should still show the characteristic fire, animation, and "heedless, reckless pluck" that has earned him the nickname daredevil. These dogs exude charm, and their cocksure strut belies the warmth within. They are particularly good with children and are said to be dogs "o'the little people," Writers Dangerfield and Howell, in their Encyclopedia of Dogs, noted, "A growing lad could wish no finer friend to grow up with; mischief overlooked by the one will certainly be exploited by the other!"

The Irish was the first native terrier from Ireland given Kennel Club recognition (19th century) and has gained worldwide acceptance since that time.

IRISH WATER SPANIEL

COUNTRY: Ireland
WEIGHT: 45-65 pounds
HEIGHT: 21-24 inches
COAT: Tight, crisp ringlets on body, neck and 2 inches down tail, longer hair with loose curls on legs and topknot; smooth on face, remainder of tail, and back legs below hock
COLOR: Solid liver
REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, UKC, TKC, CKC
GROUP: Gun Dog

The exact origins of this most distinct breed are argued to this day. Several types of water retrievers coexisted in Ireland, but this specific breed appeared in the 1830s, mainly from the kennels of Justin McCarthy. His dog "Boatswain," whelped in 1834, is the acknowledged "sire" of the modern breed. McCarthy never revealed the sources of his breeding, and the Irishman kept his secret to the grave. An ancestor of McCarthy fought with the Irish Brigade against England in France for Louis XII. Since several stem types have graced

France since early times, specimens of the early Barbet/Poodle types could have been brought back to Ireland and later crossed with local Irish or British dogs. But those of the Portuguese Water Dog genus may have also been brought to British and Irish shores with Portuguese sailors. It is known that two types of water spaniels populated the Emerald Isle, the northern variety being small and particolored with a wavy coat. His southern counterpart was larger and sported a curly coat. This latter dog likely contributed to the modern IWS. Controversy notwithstanding, it is known he is from water dog stock and that his distinctive type, with high-held head and tail, long thighs and low hocks, and smooth tail, was fixed early.

Remarkably similar to the dogs of 150 years ago, he remains a popular working and show dog in his native Ireland. Although recognized in the USA since 1878 and supported by an active breed club, he is few in number. The breed was appreciated by hunters of waterfowl, who supplied American tables with various delicacies and who admired the- breed's qualities, gently working long hours day after day. The terrain and cover in Ireland were similar to those housing waterfowl in America, enabling the dog to do well in marshy bogs and making him a logical choice for the serious gunner.

He is a quality retriever in any cover and for a variety of game, but his real skills are seen in water, even In currents, where he is a strong swimmer and often dives to go after wounded ducks. His expertise lies in retrieving wounded fowl, which might otherwise escape the hunter. Large and strong enough to handle even geese with ease, his heavy coat affords him protection from long exposure in icy water. His coat needs to be groomed, but not clipped like a Poodle; it sheds water and doesn't become wet to the skin.

There are several well-known obedience workers in the breed, and the first sporting dog to win an obedience title in the USA was an Irish Water Spaniel. His nature is one of initiative and courage, yet he is innately trainable. Owners insist he is a dog with a sense of humor, and his enjoyment of games makes him a good family dog. He is, however, discerning with strangers. His head is capped with a characteristic topknot, and his expression is quizzical, adding to his appealing appearance.