Tibetan Mastiff

COUNTRY: Tibet (China)
WEIGHT: 100lb (45kg) to 160lb (72kg)
HEIGHT: 25 to 28 inch (61 to 72 cm)
COAT: Thick, medium length, double
COLOR: Gold and black/tan most common; also black, grizzle, sable, brown, blue/tan and others
REGISTRY: FCI, TKC
GROUP: Mastiff

It is highly possible that the Tibetan Mastiff is the missing link between the flock guard and the mastiff breeds. He is from the area which gave us the stem of the original mastiff; yet he has a longer coat than most, and a tail curled over the back. It is possible that the Tibetans crossed the original archetype with other dogs to obtain today's breed. While the answer is lost in the mystery of Tibet, the breed, thankfully, has survived. It has been around since recorded history—or before—and is just now gaining some acceptance in the West, primarily in the US and Europe, The Tibetan Mastiff certainly is the forebear of several modern breeds.

Two types of mastiffs originally aided the lamas and villagers of Tibet: the Bhotia, an agile livestock guardian, and the Tsang Kyi, a larger territorial sentinel. The latter dog has for centuries protected nobility and religious orders. A pup was kept tied from two months of age to make him fierce; in fact, the Tibetans' name for their mastiff is the Do-kyi, dog you can tie up. Chaining or tying intensifies aggression, and these dogs bear the reputation of guarding an entire village. Like the bandogs of England, he was secured during the day and set free at night. Because of this habit, the breed tends to be sociable with other dogs and livestock, though he will defend himself if challenged.
The Tibetans say that a white spot on the chest is a good sign, signifying a brave heart. A white tail tip, however, is cut off as it denotes weakness. Tibetan natives make their dogs a protective woolly collar from the finest stiff hairs of a yak's tail. The hair is dyed red, and when a TM is wearing the collar, he appears even larger and more threatening.

Tibetan dogs traveled with Alexander the Great from "the roof of the world" to European countries, where they planted the seed for so many of today's mastiff and flock-guarding breeds.
The modern Tibetan Mastiff has been known outside Tibet for more than a century. The Prince of Wales owned at least one specimen in the 1880s, and a British standard for the breed was in existence in the 1930s. President Eisenhower received two as gifts from the Dalai Lama. Yet others reached America in the early 1970s through drug smugglers who placed packets of illegal substances under false bottoms in dog crates. These dealers then shipped the largest and toughest Tibetan Mastiffs to the States, where no customs inspector dared to inspect their crates!
A positive aspect of this crime is that many specimens escaped Communist China and reached the hands of concerned breeders. Others were brought in by more conventional routes. The TM is now recognized in many European and Asian countries, and there are national organizations for the breed in both North America and Europe. In the US they have been used as guard and sled dogs, as well as family companions.

The American Tibetan Mastiff Association recommends mating only genetically sound animals. Besides physical soundness, breeders are advised to choose stock with proper guardian tendencies and a stable family-oriented temperament. Bitches cycle only once a year.
The breed has incorporated many of the giant attributes of "impressive stature, formidable appearance and great strength." A controlled environment with moderate weight gain and adequate exercise is recommended by breeders to forestall many of the problems that often plague large breeds. The eight-week-old fluffy clown, often described as a teddy bear, will grow into a large, aloof adult with a strong sense of territory and an instinct to defend it. Socialization, discipline and routine grooming should begin early.

Despite their tough, protective instincts, they are gentle with their own families. In their homeland, they are controlled by even the smallest child, who can handle them and call them off intruders with ease. The Tibetan Mastiffs were bred to withstand the extreme temperatures of their native mountain land and are still capable of playing in a snowdrift in below zero temperatures or of performing an obedience routine at 90 degrees.

Schweizer Laufhund

COUNTRY: Switzerland
WEIGHT: 34—44 pounds
HEIGHT: 18-23 inches
COAT: Short, thick and hard
COLOR: White with orange, yellow or
sometimes red markings
OTHER NAMES: Swiss Hound
GROUP: Hound


Lucerne is in the northcentral lake region of Switzerland, the home of the Lucernese Hound. He probably stemmed from the French Petit Bleu de Gascognes and is very similar to them in appearance.
The Bernese variety was probably named, not for the city of Bern, but for the Bernese Alps which are further south. He is closely akin to French hounds like the Ariege and Artois, with their moderate size and clear white without ticking.

The short-legged hound varieties that the French call basset and the Germans name dachs-hundy the Swiss term Neiderlaufhunds. Each of the Swiss hound varieties comes in "petit" as well as "tall," which are otherwise judged by the same standard as the large sizes. The Neider-laufhunds are especially noted for their full-bodied voices which resound pleasantly during the hunt. The Neider variety of the Jura is more like the Bruno than the St. Hubert type. The Berner Neiderlaufliund is the only one of the Swiss hounds that can be seen in a rough wiry coat. These dogs are all gentle and patient with children. Given sufficient exercise and an outlet for hunting instincts, they are good, sturdy companions. One, which fell into a hole in rocks, was finally rescued after ten days of working to retrieve him. He was still alive although he had no food or water available!

Sussex Spaniel

COUNTRY: Great Britain
WEIGHT: 40-45 pounds
HEIGHT: 13-151/2 inches
COAT: Flat, silky and moderately long, with abundant feathering
COLOR: Solid golden liver, white spot on chest faulty
Group: Gun Dog


While the rest of Europe was developing the pointing spaniels, the British created their equivalent in the form of the flushing land spaniel. Although the flushing spaniel owes most of his inheritance to the couching dogs of early days, other additions changed his size and style of hunting. What these crossings were is a matter of conjecture, but they may have come from the small, though massive, heavy-skinned influence of the low-stationed hound. The result was a passionate and happy hunting dog that flushed rather than pointed. These dogs became very popular with British gunners, and a variety of sizes and color types developed.

The Sussex is probably a remnant of the oldest type, maintaining a hint of hound in both his heavy-skinned appearance and his urge to give tongue when on scent (especially fur). His earliest proponent, in the 1790s, was A.E. Fuller of Rosehill Park, in the British county of Sussex. By 1803, the British dog press was praising "the golden Spaniel of Sussex, the largest and strongest of the Spaniels." This proves that not only was the Sussex in England at that time, but other types of spaniels also existed with which to compare him.
Since its original introduction, this rare spaniel has constantly verged on extinction. Despite fine abilities and the beautiful golden color, the breed has never attracted a wide circle of fanciers. British breeder Joy Freer may have held the longest interest, acquiring her first Sussex in 1923 and maintaining her sponsorship until her death in 1984. She literally carried the breed through the Second World War, borrowing a little of her hogs' rations here and butcher's scraps there to maintain her eight dogs through the years of food rationing. She continued a limited breeding program through those difficult years, regimentally and carefully placing the one litter a year with others who loved the breed. Nearly all modern dogs trace to these eight survivors of the War.

To say the breed base is narrow does not begin to define the problems. With so few in existence, all closely inbred through necessity, it has been a difficult task to upgrade stock. But much to the credit of fanciers on both sides of the Atlantic, improvement is being accomplished. Great care is taken with the placement of each precious puppy, since every dog may be needed for promotion of the breed or for breeding stock.
In appearance, the Sussex has a tendency to loose skin, heavy and long, low-set ears and prominent flew, reminiscent of the hound—with the setter's heavy fringed coat and merry, docile disposition. The breed is a sturdy hunter with great stamina, though not quick. This probably proved its downfall in later years, against the more agile swift retrievers and setters.
This is a laid-back spaniel who, while friendly, is a bit more territorial than most others of his group. Devoted to his family, he rarely lets them out of his sight. Owning one means having a shadow around the house. Sussex Spaniels take correction well and learn quickly. Many have the endearing habit of "smiling" when excited, or when asking forgiveness after a scolding. Swimming is a passion taken to naturally. If not hunted, the Sussex will find his own quarry: birds, insects and butterflies.
Joy Freer described them like this: "There is no other animal which has his coloring except the lion . . . [the Sussex] also have the same big bone and big feet, and something of the same steady way of regarding you that the lion does."

Strellufstover

COUNTRY: Denmark
HEIGHT: 12-15 inches
COAT: Short, straight and dense; slight fringe on tail
COLOR: Any color, with white markings
OTHER NAMES: Danish Dachsbracke
Weight: (Approx.) 33-40 Lbs.
Group: Hounds



The Strellufstover is a 20th-century creation. Frands Christian Frandsen, of Hoisted, Jutland, envisioned a hound with the persistence and independence to hunt a variety of game in the Hoisted area. About 1912, he acquired Smaland-sstoveren from Sweden, Westphalian Dachs-bracken from Germany and Berner Laufhunds from Switzerland, and crossbred these hounds, selecting the desired traits from the progeny.
By the mid-1920s, Frandsen had fixed the type he wanted, and hunters from all over Denmark were using the new Danish Dachsbracke. By 1929, fanciers formed the Dansk Stovarklub, which still supports the breed, soon named Strelluf after Frandsen's kennel. FCI recognized the new hound in 1937, seven years before his benefactor's death.

Later, the Danish Dachsbracke moved on to Sweden, where these dogs contributed to the makeup of the Drever. By 1960, Scandinavian dog authorities agreed that the Drever and Strellufstover were so close as to be essentially the same breed. They are now listed as one breed with one standard, but in Denmark his advocates still prefer to call him Strelluf. He has a slow, steady following (500) in his homeland, as compared to 11,000 Drevers in Sweden!
The Strellufstover is used for fox, deer and hare. He works slowly over large estates, baying constantly and driving the game out to the hunter.
This dog is watchful, calm, never nervous or aggressive. His bold white markings must be visible from both sides, as well as from the front and back.

Stichelhaar

COUNTRY: Germany
WEIGHT: 44 pounds
HEIGHT: 22-26 inches
COAT: hard and bristly, but lying close to the body; only a moderate amount of mustache, eyebrows, and feathering of belly, chest, legs and tail
COLOR: Brown and white, in a roan or spotted pattern
OTHER NAMES: Deutscher Stichelhaariger Vorstehhund, German Brokencoated Pointer
REGISTRY: FCI
GROUP: Gun Dog

The history of the Wirehair in Germany is quite recent. An interest in gun dogs with bristly coats always existed, and several types were in evidence by the late 1800s. At first, the Wirehair Club in Germany fostered all hunting dogs with a wire coat, but the wide variation in types soon saw separate organizations for the Pudelpointer, the Griffon, the Stichelhaar, and the German Wirehaired Pointer. They may all have come from the same stock, as these breeds developed concurrently. From this time on, each breed became individualized.

The Stichelhaar, meaning broken hair, carries a very harsh, short, but flat-lying coat. Except for his beard and brow, the wire jacket is not noticeable until it is touched. His similarity to the German Wirehaired Pointer in both appearance and hunting style blurred the lines between the two breeds. Most dogs that were once of Stichelhaar breeding are now under the label of Draht-haar. The FCI and the German authorities do still recognize the Stichelhaar. Currently, the breed is quite scarce, with only 10 to 15 registrations per year.

Stephens Stock

COUNTRY: USA
WEIGHT: 35-55 pounds, over 55 pounds disqualifies
HEIGHT: 16-23 inches, over 23 inches disqualifies
COAT: Short, smooth
COLOR: Black, a few white markings permissible
OTHER NAMES: Stephens Cur
GROUP: Hound

In the years after World War II, five strains of mountain curs were recognized. Hugh Steph-ens's family, of southeastern Kentucky, had owned one strain for over 100 years, always preferring their "Little Blacks." Stephens was first Vice President of the Mountain Cur Club but, in 1970, it was felt the Stephens strain and the McConnelJ lines were distinct enough to form their own registry.

At that time the name Stephens Stock was chosen for the breed, honoring the Stephens family. These curs were more houndlike than many of the others, as they worked a cold track and opened on the trail. Several hunters preferred them, due to the dogs' sound on the trail, good change of voice at the tree and their competitive hunting spirit. Colors other than black do occur but are not registerable.
Stephens dogs are quick, sensible and easy to train. Natural at treeing, they are specialists at squirrel and coon. Although Stephens Stock are too small to go after big game alone, they are very courageous and will work as a team on mountain lions and bears. These dogs are very responsive to kindness and are family-oriented but wary of strangers.

Staffordshire Bull Terrier

COUNTRY: England
WEIGHT: 24 to 32 lb (11 to 15 kg) (male dogs are normally up to 6lb heavier)
HEIGHT: 14 to 16 in (36 to 41 cm)
COAT: Short, smooth
COLOR: Red, beige (fawn), white, black, blue or brindle; with or without white markings
REGISTRY: AKC, FCI, TKC, CKC
GROUP: Mastiff

This was the original "Bull-and-Terrier." Crossing the 19th century bulldog with the old English Terrier produced the modern Staffordshire Bull, which still looks very much like its bull/terrier ancestor. Upon arrival in the United States in the early 1800s, the breed was crossbred to become larger and taller. The results were the American Staffordshire Terrier and the American Pit Bull Terrier. Those which remained in England retained their original form, and came to the United States about 1870, where they were recognized as the Staffordshire Bull Terrier.

During these early years, the Staff was bred and used for dog-fighting but, by the 1930s, the law had begun to make this activity disappear. Rather than see his beloved dogs vanish with their profession, fancier Joseph Dunn organized a club and worked to have this breed recognized by The Kennel Club of England. Another name besides Bull-and-Terrier had to be chosen (since the Bull Terrier had already assumed that one), so the locale of greatest interest, Staffordshire., was chosen as its dog tag.
After official acceptance in 1935, the breed's good qualities elevated these dogs to a position of popularity in their homeland, and they have retained that favor. Most Staffs brought to North America came after World War II. The breed was recognized in Canada in 1952, fol-lowed by American acceptance in 1974.

The basic difference between the Staff, AmS-taff and Pit Bull, other than size, is the fact that ear cropping is not allowed on the Staff. A folded-back "rose" or half-drop ear is required.
These dogs need activity to keep their hard-muscled physique and are happy to join their owners in jogging or other sports. Like similar breeds, they are devoted to their families, are gentle with children and accept other pets.

The Staff does require firm, consistent handling as a pup. With maturity, he is laid back, loves social contact and is a real "character." He can competently defend his own if necessary, and he knows it. Thus he rarely shows any bravura of snapping or snarling. He is quiet and calm—until needed.

Stabyhoun

COUNTRY: Netherlands
WEIGHT:
Male: 50 to 55 lb (23 to 25 kg)
Females: 45 pounds (20 kg)
HEIGHT:
Males: 53 cm (21")
Females: 50 cm (20")
COAT: Moderately long and sleek, no curl although a bit of wave over the croup is acceptable; the "feathering" on tail and breeches is thick so it appears bushy; ear feather is long at the base of the ear, decreasing to short hair at the tip
COLOR: Black, chocolate, or orange, with white markings, in which there may be ticking and roaning
REGISTRY: FCI
GROUP: Gun Dog

Like the Dutch Wetterhoun, the Stabyhoun originated in Friesland, where he has been known since the 1600s. The Spanish occupied the Netherlands until the mid-16th century, and there is speculation that they brought setting and couching dogs from other parts of Europe. These imports developed into the native spaniel/setters: the Drentse Patrijshond, the Kooiker-hondje, and the Stabyhoun in Holland, as well as the German Longhaired Pointer, Large Miin-sterlander and Small Miinsterlander of Germany. Frisian writers of the early 1800s describe the Stabyhoun in his present form. Similar dogs are depicted in early Dutch paintings. Exhibition of the breed didn't begin until the 1940s, and soon after, official recognition was granted by both the Dutch and international dog organizations.

The "Bijke" as he is affectionately called at home, is a quality pointing and retrieving dog, doubling as a mole and polecat catcher, guard and children's companion around the home. He is used in duck and pigeon hunting, calmly staying down and unobserved until called upon to make the retrieves. Wounded game is searched out and returned in his soft mouth. In field and woods, he enthusiastically searches for game and is an excellent pointer. As one owner says, "His nose never lies."
The larger specimens have also been used as draft dogs, undoubtedly because of the breed's calm and even temperament. The mole-catcher needed to be of a size to be carried "in a basket on the back of a small man's bicycle," With children, even those not known to them, they are soft and gentle. Its good temperament is described in brief by the Dutch Stabyhoun Wet-terhoun Club as "A spontaneous Frysk . . . (that) wears its heart on its sleeve."

The bushy feathering of the tail and breeches, and the ear that is fringed at the base but smooth haired at the tip, are distinctive breed characteristics. The low-set tail is not docked.
To maintain his good qualities, the Dutch Club has very strict breeding policies. Before dogs can be bred, they must have hips radiographed free of dysplasia, receive an excellent or very good rating at a conformation show, have prior permission granted by the breed committee, and meet other restrictions to insure the production of quality puppies. The Stabyhoun is promoted by Dutch breeders, not only because of his character and abilities but also because of their desire to protect a native breed with a long and proud history.

Spinone Italiano

COUNTRY: Italy
COAT: Hard, dense and shaggy
COLOR: All white, orange and white, orange roan, chestnut and white, or chestnut roan
OTHER NAMES: Italian Coarsehaired Pointer
REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, TKC, CKC
GROUP: Gun Dog
Height at withers:
* Dogs: 60–70 cm (23.5–27.5 in)
* Bitches: 59–65 cm (22.5–25.5 in)
Weight should be in the correct proportion to size and structure:
* Dogs: 34–39 kg (75–86 lb);
* Bitches: 29–34 kg (64–75 lb).

The Spinone is truly an antique. Although he stemmed from native hounds, probably of Segu-gio type, as did the Bracco, his history is not complete. For instance, what gave him his wiry coat? This may be evidence that the griffons of France and the Spinone are closely related, with the griffons springing from early Spinones—or both coming from common ancestors. The presence of the corded shepherd dogs in Italy could have accounted for the bristling wiry coats on these breeds. He is also credited with being a very old blend of coarsehaired setters from Italy, bred with those left by Greek traders and others from the Adriatic coast, and a cross to white mastiff. The truth in dog histories is entwined with legends.

The breed is noted for its superior nose and ultra-soft mouth. The Spinone is especially good in heavy cover or cold, wet conditions where his protective coat serves him well.

A solid white spinone italiano.

Even dogs that do not hunt are served well by their coat, as evidenced by a 12-week-old pup exposed to the cold and damp after falling into a well shaft and spending ten hours there. This same inquisitive pup enjoyed a tastier experience when he discovered the milkman's dehvery and "was soon having his extra pint."
Still hunted throughout Piedmont in Italy, he is beginning to be appreciated and fostered in England, in other European countries and the USA. There seems to be a split in his homeland between show and field interests, with a separate standard for each of the two types.

The Italian working standard specifies: "When the quarry tries to get away, the Spinone steers it downwind, mastering the direct emanation of the scent ... he moves forward with extreme caution, avoiding as far as possible dry branches or crackling leaves." Despite his size and usual "long, tidy trot," the Spinone can turn into a powerful, swift hunter should the quarry take flight.

He is given credit by various sources as a "thinker," and will use this ability to adapt to various conditions. He is called "Nature's gentleman." His expression toward his master is lowering of the head, with an upward look in "silent communication."

An orange roan spinone italiano with orange markings.

The Spinone is big but docile and affectionate. They love playing with other dogs, but in play they can "crush all opponents by using their considerable weight." They can be stubborn, however, and need training and direction. With careful selection and proper socialization, they are "big cuddly teddy bears." In fact, owners have few complaints, other than his "wet beard in their faces." The bristly head gives the appearance of a wise, old, whiskery grandfather. His tail is docked to about half its natural length.

Spanish Mastiff

COUNTRY: Spain
WEIGHT:
Male: 50–65 kg (110-140 lbs)
Female: 50–60 kg (110-130 lbs)
HEIGHT:
Male: 77 cm (30 in)
Female: 72 cm (28 in)
COAT: Short, very thick
COLOR: Reddish, wolf gray, fawn, white and black, white and golden yellow, white and gray, grizzle
OTHER NAMES: Mastin de Espanol, Mastin de Extremadura, Mastin de Leon, Mastin de La Mancha
REGISTRY: FCI
GROUP Flock Guard

The Spanish Mastiffs, although named mastiff, fill flock-guard positions. They share a similar history to all flock-guarding dogs from Spain and Portugal. Landing with the Phoenicians, they were part of the tradition of the Trashu-mante (flock migrations) in the southern routes of Spain. Those that spilled over into Portugal became the Estrela and the Rafeiro do Alentejo.

Still found guarding cattle and sheep in the hills of Spain, this dog is a powerful, protective animal with infinite color variance. As is true of many large animals (and humans), he does not feel the need to show his obvious strength. He is alert, but calm and unruffled. The stock guardian sounds the alarm to the shepherd, then becomes quiet and attentive, not attacking.
The breed is still natural in its behavior and instincts. Expectant dams find a secluded place to bear and raise their puppies.
The Spanish Mastiff is gentle with other animals—even cats—and loving to his owners. He enjoys being with his family and doing a job for them. This dog is easily satisfied with minimal exercise and grooming. Owners that do not raise stock find them apt family guardians, search-and-rescue dogs or obedience workers. Currently, there are breeders in Switzerland and Germany, and the dogs are beginning to infiltrate the USA and other countries. They are seen occasionally at international dog shows.

South Russian Owtcharka

COUNTRY: Russia
WEIGHT: 110-155 pounds
HEIGHT: 25-26 inches minimum; 30-34 inches usual
COAT: Long, dense, silky with woolen undercoat
COLOR: Pure white; white with head spots in shades of fawn or gray
OTHER KAMES: Ovtcharka de Russie
Meridionale, South Russian Sheepdog
REGISTRY: FCI
GROUP: Flock Guard

In the inhospitable elevations of the mountains, a larger and heavier coated dog evolved. This giant pastoral guarding breed has a long history in the steppes of the Ukraine in European Russia. The old-style Owtcharka, originally with a heavy-corded coat, probably stemmed from large dogs of a similar type from Tibet or elsewhere in the East. These dogs were brought west with the migrations centuries before Christ. Some were left in the Ukraine, while others accompanied the nomads further west into Hungary to form the basis of the Komondor.
In 1797, shepherds' dogs were brought to the Ukraine from Spain with imported merino sheep, but proved too small (at 20 inches) and weak to protect the flocks from the Russian wolves. These Spanish dogs were crossed with the original corded Owtcharkas to begin the breed now known as the South Russian Ow-tcharka.

In the early part of this century, representatives of the breed were brought to England via Baltic trade ships. Some reached the USA and enjoyed a brief stay in AKCs Miscellaneous Class. Not long after that they disappeared into the Russian interior and were lost to the West. Those at home became scarce as well, although a few are seen at the larger dog shows in Russia. The majority in their homeland are bred by the Red Army, who found the breed useful for guard work. They are often left to guard isolated facilities or industrial plants, or used on duty with troops. The military, naturally, selects the more aggressive tendencies and forbids the exportation of these dogs.
Recently, several of these closely guarded white giants have been secreted out of Russia, reintroducing them to Europe and the West. A Swiss couple, who own three of these Owtcharki and praise their qualities, encountered "James Bond" adventures smuggling their dogs out of Moscow and Leningrad. They emphasize that, although not as aggressive as the Red Army dogs, this breed is extremely protective and intelligent, requiring a strong-minded "alpha" owner. They have a quicker trigger than many other guardian breeds, giving very little warning before attacking when they perceive danger to their owner. With a firm, but loving hand and proper early socialization, the breed can be a desirable companion and guardian. But a breeder warns this animal is not for a novice or timid dog owner: "You can spoil this breed into a murderer."

He does require sizeable outdoor room, not only for adequate exercise, but because "he needs a kingdom to keep intruders out." Modern Russian owners say he is ever vigilant, "although it may seem that his eyes are closed, he does see everything." The modern SRO, although his coat is long, shaggy and profuse, does not cord like the old-style Owtcharka. It does need extensive grooming to maintain his appearance and good health. His speed is amazing for a dog of giant size, and he has lightning reflexes. The Swiss have found this dog to be a natural as Katastrophen Hund, a dog used in emergencies, such as finding avalanche victims or persons trapped in earthquake rubble.

Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier

COUNTRY: Ireland
Weight Male 16–20.5kg
Height Male 46–49cm
Coat Soft and silky, loosely waved or curly
Color Wheaten or rust color
Other names Irish Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier
REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, TKC, CKC
GROUP: Terrier

In times past, all of the terriers of Ireland were known collectively as Irish Terriers, so it is hard to know whether ancient references to this strain are about the generic type or specifically about the red breed known today. People who foster the Wheaten feel that he is as old or older than the red "daredevil," both coming from the same stem breed. Actually, the Wheaten, Kerry and Irish Terriers share a similar leggy, racy, square terrier appearance that stamps them with generally analogous origins.
The Wheaten Terrier of 200 years ago was also a dog of the poor, and was so common that few considered it worth notice. There are some references to wheaten-colored, open-coated dogs with punishing jaws, mainly in the Kerry and Cork areas. These dogs were used especially for otter and badger. Under the Irish penal laws of the 1700s, tenant farmers were prohibited from owning a dog worth more than five pounds, and thus the soft-coated dog was the bargain basement one commonly owned.
He had no wealthy aristocrats to foster him and was only recognized as a separate breed when the Wheaten was issued its present name in 1937. Around that time, a group of fanciers wanted to save this historic Irish breed. So, although the Wheaten is a very old breed, it is a latecomer to the modern world of purebred dogs. Irish canine authorities recognized the breed in 1937; AKC approval did not come until 1973, with Canada following in 1978.
His temperament can best be described as "defense with aggression"; however, he is not a fellow who picks a fight. Having lived in homes with families for hundreds of years, he is a gentle and loyal pet. He is lively and puppyish all his 10-14 years, and firm—but fair—discipline is necessary.

The breed is noted for its late maturity, with dogs rarely at their best for exhibition until two years of age. Although pets and show dogs should be trimmed for best appearance, this should be accomplished only with scissors, not clippers. Although the original Irish standard admonished a sculptured appearance, modern show specimens are exhibited more and more this way. When the coat is properly cared for, the dead hair is brushed out rather than falling all over the carpeting, a fact pleasing to most homemakers.

Smalandsstovare

COUNTRY: Sweden
WEIGHT: 33-40 pounds
HEIGHT: 17-20 inches
COAT: Thick and heavy, but short
COLOR: Black with tan markings; any white to be discouraged
OTHER NAMES: Smalands Hound
REGISTRY: FCI
GROUP: Hound

Like the Schillerhound, the Sma'landsstovare is a Swedish hound that traces its roots back to ancient periods. They were probably used as far back as the Middle Ages. The hound of Smalands is indigenous to central Sweden and possesses some singular physical traits.

Although the occasional hock-length tail is conceded, it is universally born (never docked) with a short tail; no other scenthound sports the short version. The head is shorter and more wedge-shaped than most hounds, with the ears very small and flat; the body is cobby and small, all of which indicate that a long-ago cross of hounds to native Nordic-type dogs may have occurred to produce this breed. But he has keen scenthound abilities and is used in all terrain and weather for trailing game. They are most commonly employed in the hunting of fox and hare throughout the dense forest of Smalands district in southern Sweden.

Slovak cuvac

COUNTRY: Czechoslovakia
Weight
Male 36–44 kg (79–97 lbs)
Female 31–37 kg (68–81 lbs)
Height
Male 62–70 cm (25–28 in)
Female 59–65 cm (25–28 in)
Coat Medium length - thick and wavy
Color White
OTHER NAMES: Slovak Cuvac, Slovak Chuvach, Tatransky Cuvac, Slovak tschuvatsch
REGISTRY: FCI
GROUP: Flock Guard

The Carpathian mountain chain originates in Rumania and skirts Hungary, filling much of eastern Czechoslovakia as it pushes north, ending in the Liptok Mountains of the High Tatra range in the southeastern corner of Poland. The great white guardian prototype followed the mountains northward. The Czechoslovakia flock guard could easily pass for a Kuvasz, a Rumanian Sheepdog or a Podhalanski. Their histories are undoubtably similar. The breed name is spelled Cuvac in Czechoslovakian, but the English and German spelling, Tchouvatch, reflects the pronunciation (chew-votch).
The breed has been well documented as far back as the 17th century. But as the wolves slowly disappeared from the European mountains and modern herding practices were instituted, the Cuvac also began to be a relic from the past. What few specimens were left in the 1950s were bred carelessly. Credit for reviving the breed and fixing characteristics is due Dr. Antonin Hruza, in cooperation with the Veterinary School of Brno. A written standard was established and approved in 1964.

Currently, a few breeders of the Cuvac are scattered throughout Czechoslovakia and other European countries, as well as the USA. The Cuvac is still quite rare, but at least fanciers are working to save the breed. An owner in Germany describes her dogs' marvelous temperaments with children. Yet she warns about the Cuvac's stubborn, independent nature which must be overcome with proper training. Once they have learned something, she says, they never forget it.
Their tremendous speed for their size and bulk is noteworthy. This is probably the origin of the Czech lore that says the Cuvac was the result of crossing a Greyhound and a wolf.

The Cuvac is a dog requiring adequate space, and thus owners should have a good-sized yard for exercise. These dogs thrive best in an environment of a large family, children and livestock to care for. Farms and ranches make the best homes. These dogs are natural animal guardians and children watchers, taking to this busy lifestyle like a junkfood junkie to a bowl of peanuts. They are gentle and loyal to their family and its possessions. This handsome white flock guard has diversified from slaying wolves or hunting big game to border patrol or search-and-rescue.
Regular grooming keeps the white coat clean and attractive—and furniture free from white "mohair." The annual shed of the dense under-wool requires vigorous brushing and bathing sessions in the spring.

Sloughi

COUNTRY: Morocco
WEIGHT: 45-60 pounds
HEIGHT: 24-28 i/2 inches
COAT: Short, fine and dense
COLOR: Sand, sable, red sable, charcoal sable, brindle; with or without black mask and/or black manteau (saddle or black tipped hairs on back)
OTHER NAMES: Slougui, Arabian Greyhound
REGISTRY: FCI, TKC
GROUP: Southern


While several of the gazehounds claim the distinction of being the world's oldest breed, the point may be moot. "Breeds" as such did not exist in those, ancient times, and types tended to mold and change over the years and with transitions to other environments. The Sloughi, however, is certainly one of the oldest types, fand is still being used in the same area in which he began. The breed is found throughout the Sahara in what are now portions of Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya. Due to its modern presence and promotion there, the breed was declared by the FCI to be of Moroccan origin, although it is still often called the Arabian Greyhound.
There are rock engravings of dogs manifesting the Sloughi/gazehound type found in North Africa that date back to the Neolithic Period (8000-6000 BC). The old Berber culture of the Sahara worked hounds of this type. As civilizations arose, these dogs were in demand by the wealthy for organized hunting. Supposedly the Sloughi was Tutankhamen's favorite dog and many were depicted in paintings and artifacts found in his tomb. Hannibal was accompanied by Berber cavalry when he crossed the Alps and, since these horsemen were never without their hunting dogs, Sloughis (as well as the previously mentioned Ibizans) may well have been introduced to southern Europe at that time. Crossed with native scenthounds, these dogs would account for some of the sighthound characteristics seen in the hounds of Italy.
But their main role was as dogs of the desert tribes. They have lived for literally thousands of years with their nomadic masters, chasing down desert game and guarding the encampments. Their long webbed toes enabled them to grip the hot desert sands while running.

The Moslem culture generally denigrated the dog as "unclean," especially the detested pariah dog. One of the greatest fears for people of these areas was the fate of non-burial after death, with their bodies being eaten by the scavenging pariahs. But the gazehounds had become an exception to the hatred of dogs. These sighthounds were highly valued and shared their masters' tents.
Such was the bond between Sloughi and nomad that these beloved dogs are, even to the present time, treated like members of the family—at least male members of the family! The birth of a Sloughi litter is cause for celebration among friends, treated with the same joy as the birth of a son. Sugar or a lamb, the traditional funeral offerings, are brought as solace when a Sloughi dies. Photo albums are kept of the dogs and their ancestors and shown to friends. One modern enthusiast describes the usual scene of a Sloughi and his master comfortably relaxing in the living room, while the wife and daughters are stuck working in the kitchen!

In the mountains, the brindle color camouflaged the Sloughi; in the desert, the coloring was like that of sand. Saluki and Sloughi enthusiasts debate whether or not they are the same breed. Saluki owners dismiss the Sloughi as a smooth-coated member of their breed, while Sloughi fanciers insist their dogs have distinct differences. The Sloughi is larger and heavier boned.

Sloughis are quiet, sensitive dogs that bond strongly and early with their masters. This trait makes it very difficult for them to change homes as adults. Their gentle manners and fastidiousness make them welcome in the home, which is where they must be to satisfy their great need for human companionship. They do need adequate outlets for their energy, and a place for regular gallops or long walks is necessary. Digging can be a problem, as they once dug holes to the cooler sand for relief from the heat.
The breed is not numerous, but enthusiasts in both Morocco and abroad are keeping the Sloughi from slipping away to extinction. The CRCN (Club for National Dog Breeds) in his homeland has published a standard, holds exhibitions, and in other ways promotes this old, native breed. The Sloughi has found enthusiasts in several European countries and Great Britain, with a few appearing in the USA as well. Sloughis may be seen competing in Continental dog shows.

Temperament
It is of a sensitive nature yet is an alert and intelligent hound. It is said that Sloughis have a mighty longing for moving and that is not easy to keep them in flats with families; however, a Sloughi does not need more exercise than other dogs of similar size. It loves variety, walking on the leash, romping in the countryside, and racing. A Sloughi is faithful to his owner and it needs him close by. Sloughis are easy to bring up and to train, if you know how to do it. Because the Sloughi is somewhat sensitive, its training shouldn't be oppressive, and any punishment should be omitted. What it likes is a friendly confirmation of its behaviour.

Skye Terrier

COUNTRY: Scotland
WEIGHT: 25 pounds
HEIGHT: 9V2-10 inches
REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, TKC, CKC
GROUP: Terrier

Coat

The Skye is double coated, with a short, soft undercoat and a hard, straight topcoat, which must be flat against the body and free of curl. The ideal coat length is 5 1/2 inches (14 cm), with no extra credit for a longer coat. The shorter hair of the head veils the forehead and eyes, forming a moderate beard. The ears should be well feathered and, in prick-eared examples, the hair should fall like a fringe, accenting the form, and blending with the side locks.

Color

Fawn, blue, dark or light grey, blonde, and black with black points (ears and muzzle) all occur. They may have any self colour, allowing for some shading of same colour on the body and a lighter undercoat, so long as the nose and ears are black. There should be no further patterning on the body, but a small white spot on the chest is permissible.



One historian says the Skye hailed from the Isle of Skye more than 400 years ago, and was described by Caius nearly in its present form, . . . brought out of barbarous borders fro1 the uttermost countryes northward . . . which, by reason of the length of heare, makes showe neither of face nor of body." Another theory suggests that shipwrecked Maltese types from the ill-fated Spanish Armada mated with local terriers (probably Cairns or Cairn prototypes) to create the breed in the 1600s. Certainly, other breeds added their influence to create the extreme ratio of length to height. Once called the Terrier of the Western Islands, he evolved to his present form isolated on the rocky Isle of Skye.

Whatever his history, he is a distinctive terrier. His silken beauty has given him the nickname of the "heavenly breed." Queen Victoria added the Skye to her kennel, and its reputation was established. The coat was silky on the original working dog, although not as long.
The Skye has not changed much over the years, and has not followed the whims of fashion. The motto of the Skye Club of Scotland is: Wha daur meddle wi* me. This could refer to the fact that the tough terrier dares anyone to challenge him, but it could also be a warning to future owners and breeders not to meddle with a good thing! The only variable has been the ears. Prior to 1890, most Skyes had drop ears, but the prick ear became more prevalent. Although either type is allowed, the pendant ear is rarely seen today.

Around 1858, an Edinburgh shepherd died without family or friend—other than a little Skye Terrier named "Bobby." The little gray dog took up vigil on the shepherd's grave in Greyfriars' churchyard. Although he was coaxed from the graveyard time after time and offered the comforts of a home, he preferred to stay with his master. Finally, Bobby was given a permanent license and allowed to stay in the graveyard. Fed by the townspeople, he continued his vigil until his death, ten years after his owner's. A monument was later erected at the cemetery gate, paying tribute to his loyalty and steadfastness.
Still loyal and predictable in demeanor, Skyes are gentle and tuned into their owners, but reserved with others. They often loathe being touched by strangers, especially without a proper introduction, and their terrier nature may make them answer a casual pat with a bite. Pluses for the breed are its longevity and contentment with only small amounts of exercise.
The Skye has a longer, stronger muzzle than the Cairn and larger ears. He carries his tail low, which is an oddity among terriers. The long coat parts down the back and hangs, spilling over the ears and face, necessitating regular brushing.

Australian Silky Terrier

COUNTRY: Australia
WEIGHT: 8-10 pounds
HEIGHT: 9 inches
COAT: 5-6 inches, flat, fine, glossy and silky
COLOR: Blue/tan
OTHER NAMES: Australian Silky Terrier, Sydney Silky, Silky Toy Terrier
REGISTRY: FCI, ARC, TKC, CKC
GROUP: Terrier

The histories of the two native Australian terriers are tied inextricably—one to the other. Both the Australian Terrier and the Silky Terrier were developed in the 19th century by Australians using various British terrier breeds. Records show that blue and tan broken-coated terriers of about ten pounds were renowned watchdogs around Tasmania, even in the early 1800s. Other terriers of that era in Australia were sandy colored.
Sometime in the 1820s, one of those early small-sized blue/tan bitches was taken to England and bred to a Dandie Dinmont, The resulting progeny eventually returned to Australia and became the foundation for the Silky Terrier. The Dandie imparted the silkier coat and back length, as well as the tendency to an arched back and high rear still seen in modern specimens. Not all of the credit for silky coat belongs to the Dandie, however, since Skyes, used in the make-up of the Aussie, sometimes produce a faulty predisposition to silky coats. Selection for the Skye's faulty trait contributed to the desirable coat of the Silky. Additional backcrosses to Yorkshire Terriers may have fixed the small size and blue color.

MacArthur Little was an early prominent breeder of these "silkys," and when he migrated to Sydney with his kennel, the name of Sydney Silky Terrier was adopted. Because the "Silky" was not accepted as an official name until 1955, the term Sydney Silky is heard still.
The Silky standard was accepted in 1906 in New South Wales, and another—different— standard was drawn in Victoria. It wasn't until 1959 that all discrepancies were smoothed out, and AKC recognized the Silky shortly after the revised standard was approved. Although officially the Silky Terrier in the USA, he is called Australian Silky Terrier in his native Australia and Silky Toy Terrier in Canada.
The Silky was developed as a pet and house dog and needs only regular brushing to keep his coat in good condition. The Silky's coat is long and soft, but is never intended to cascade clear to the floor like that of the Yorkie's. It must stop at about knee level, leaving feet and pasterns exposed.
Modern dogs all have the erect ear, although for many years both prick and drop ears were allowed. This was probably another throwback to the Skye, which has both ear carriages. The Silky, like his cousin the Australian Terrier, has his gaily carried tail docked short. Although the Aussie is still classified by AKC as a Terrier, the Silky is in the Toy Group, Despite his diminutive size, he is still capable of killing rodents and snakes and shrilly announcing the presence of intruders.
Australian judge, Frank Longmore, describes the Silky, as "The little dog that fits into our hearts and homes, no matter how large the former nor how small the latter . . ."

Siberian Laika

West Siberian Laika
COUNTRY: Russia
WEIGHT: 40-50 pounds
HEIGHT:
Males: 19 -20 inches
Females: 18 -19 inches
COAT: Short, stand-off
COLOR: Solid or piebald in white, gray, tan, red or black
REGISTRY: FCI
GROUP: Northern

Temperament

Originally, West Siberian Laikas were pro dogs for pro hunters. They can work as versatility dogs, but their strength is in their ability to specialize on one type of game only. Professional hunters want their dog to be focused on the game with the most valuable fur. Laikas working on sable and pine marten were, and still are, the most valuable. Such selection is fully understandable. In the nineteenth century the money from one silver-black sable pelt supported a family of four for a year. Because of this, the dogs that worked on every kind of game were killed or kept out of breeding. West Siberians are the last breed of hunting Laikas that still preserve this pro ability in their genes. This is what really differentiates them from other Hunting Laikas and makes them so unique. They are capable of specializing on one game only and master hunting it to perfection.Today, careful training is paramount for a WSL to perform at its best. Depending on how it is trained, a West Siberian Laika can hunt squirrels, pine marten, or sable; or big game such as moose, bear, or wild boar. Some hunters prefer training their West Siberians for birds, such as Capercaillies, pheasants, or waterfowl. Properly raised and trained West Siberians make a tight bond with their masters and never loose contact with them in the forest or in the field. It is like a Symbiotic team created for successful hunting. West Siberians are poor guardians at home or for domestic stock. On the other hand during hunting big and dangerous game they are capable of protecting their human partners to the bitter end.Hot climate is a problem for West Siberians imported directly from North Eurasia. When a litter is born in the USA, the chances for adapting to local temperatures, even in Florida, are better.


East Siberian Laika
Country: Russia
Height:
Male 55-66 cm;
female 51-60 cm
WEIGHT: 40-50 pounds
Coat: Black and tan, with light patches (called karamis), grizzle, patched, ticked, white, grey, black, red and brown of all shades

Temperament
Highly aggressive towards large predators, they are calm and well-tempered with people, although they can be good watchdogs and if encouraged will be protective against human intruders. Generally they seem to be good companion dogs.

Siberian Husky

COUNTRY: Siberia, Russia
Weight:
Male 45-60 pounds (20½-27kg)
Female 35-50 pounds
Height:
Male 21-23½ inches (53-60cm)
Female 20-22 inches
Coat: Thick double coat - thick undercoat & soft outer coat.
Color: All colors from black to white
OTHER NAMES: Arctic Husky
REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, TKC, CKC, UKC
GROUP: Northern

The Siberian Husky is a medium-size, dense-coat working dog breed that originated in eastern Siberia. The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family. It is recognizable by its thickly-furred double coat, sickle tail, erect triangular ears and distinctive markings.

An active, energetic and resilient breed whose ancestors came from the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic and were bred by the Chukchi of Northeastern Asia, it was imported into Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush and spread from there into the United States and Canada, initially as a sled dog. It rapidly acquired the status of a family pet and a show-dog.

Behavior

The Siberian Husky has been described as a behavioral representative of the domestic dog's forebearer, the wolf, exhibiting a wide range of its ancestors' behavior.They are known to howl, sing and talk rather than bark. Hyperactivity displaying as an overactive hunting drive, a characteristic of kenneled dogs, is often noticeable in dogs released from their captive environment for exercise - a behavior welcome in hunting dogs but not in the family pet. The frequency of kenneled Siberian Huskies, especially for racing purposes, is rather high, as attributed through the history of the breed in North America. A fifteen-minute daily obedience training class will serve well for Siberian Huskies. Siberian Huskies are a very stubborn and dominant breed of dog. Siberians need consistent training and do well with a "Nothing In Life Is Free" training program. They are extremely intelligent and after learning a new skill will often decide when to show off this skill when asked to perform it. They rank 45th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average working/obedience intelligence. They tend to run because they were at first bred to be a sled dog.

Health

Siberian Huskies, with proper care, have a typical lifespan ranging from twelve to fifteen years of age. Health issues in the breed are genetic defects of the eye such as juvenile cataracts, corneal dystrophy, and progressive retinal atrophy. Hip dysplasia is not often found in this breed, though as with many medium or larger-sized canines, it can occur. However, Siberians in general have remarkably good hips. The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals currently has the Siberian Husky ranked 143rd out of a possible 150 breeds at risk for hip dysplasia, with only two percent of tested Siberian Huskies showing dysplasia.

Siberian Huskies used for sled racing may also be prone to other ailments, such as gastric disease, bronchitis or bronchopulmonary ailments ("ski asthma"),and gastric erosions or ulcerations.

Shih Tzu

COUNTRY: Tibet (China)
WEIGHT; 9-16 pounds ideal, 19 pounds maximum
HEIGHT: 8-11 inches
COAT: Long and dense; appearing harsher than it feels
COLOR: All colors allowed, but white blaze and tail tip are highly prized
OTHER NAMES: Chrysanthemum Dog
REGISTRY: FCI, AKC, UKC, TKC, CKC
GROUP: Herding


Although the Shih Tzu's roots are in Tibet, his perfection occurred in China. If the Lhasa is a mildly dwarfed Tibetan Terrier, the Shih Tzu is a slightly more exaggerated dwarf form of these breeds. The Chinese prized the smaller individuals from the Lhasas sent to China and pre-ferred the very shortened face. Although some writers feel crossing to the Pekingese occurred, simple selection for the most dwarfed forms of the Lhasas could easily have created this charmer.

To further link the two breeds, the Chinese call their version Shih Tzu> which means lion dog, the same label that the Lhasa dog bears in Tibet. The scenario can easily be imagined: Tibetans sent pairs of charming smallish lion dogs to the imperial court of China. The Chinese also called them lion dogs (in Chinese, of course). Over the centuries the smaller, shorter legged and shorter faced specimens were selected or crossed with native toy breeds, and the result evolved into our modern Shih Tzu.
The dogs lived lives of luxury in the palaces of China, and were bred as loving companions. After China became a republic in 1912, occa-sional specimens made their way into Britain. Fortunately, enough were brought to England and Norway, and later North America, to begin good breeding programs prior to the Communist takeover when dogs were virtually eliminated in China.

The British awarded championship status to the breed in 1949 but it was not recognized in North America until the 1960s. When allowed to be shown in America in 1969, one of the specimens exhibited went all the way to Best in Show the first time he was shown. The breed is well known for its marvelous movement, with tremendous reach and drive pushing that little body smoothly ahead like a locomotive. Shih Tzus have enjoyed tremendous success in show rings all over the world. In Canada, where then-standard allows for a slightly larger specimen, they are a part of the Non-Sporting Group. The Shih Tzu is shown in the Toy Group in the United States.

The Shih Tzu is also being "discovered" as a fine companion dog. Less suspicious of strangers than his erstwhile cousin, the Lhasa, he is vivacious and athletic for his small size, and very people-oriented. Full of confidence and self-importance, his arrogant carriage is described in the standard. His beautiful, flowing coat does require a fair amount of grooming to look its best. It is the hair that grows upward from the short nose that gives the Shih Tzu the "chrysanthemum" look described by the Orientals. In fact, the original standard issued by the Peking Kennel Club may have been the most descriptive in dogdom. Included in the requirements were a "lion head, bear torso, camel hoof, feather-duster tail, palm-leaf ear, rice teeth, pearly petal tongue and movement like a goldfish." Shih Tzus consider themselves extremely dignified, yet can be charming clowns.